They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. /Resources << /Font 1 0 R /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bolsheviks) >> << /A << /S /URI 682.9469 0 ] /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamal_Abu_Jaber) >> endobj /Subtype /Link 0 ] /Rect [ 436.5429 652.9469 ] endobj /Type /Action 3 0 obj % 'Annot.NUMBER93': class PDFDictionary /Subtype /Link /MediaBox [ 0 187.6762 /ProcSet [ /PDF 101 0 obj /Parent 142 0 R 0 ] /Rect [ 505.9127 /Subtype /Link 12 0 R 0 endobj << /A << /S /URI /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB % 'Annot.NUMBER77': class PDFDictionary << /A << /S /URI 390.7221 The Map That Created The Modern Middle East - JSTOR Daily 652.9469 /Type /Action << /A << /S /URI 0 ] /Rect [ 62.69291 /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_of_Arabia:_The_Battle_for_the_Arab_World) >> /Type /Annot >> &n2I8)=$,&an-QYr 1tFN-E!S,&AVQuVtzX ?*6zR z%WrUN;g FF& k'&2dNf~2'OD_5#>FQ`MA#Yh0uT0ZKO}WXm>3Q67zULLPShuvz8->+7H%X@*:0\AV `a^#8.D23?!X* K]&`GY3G-19Y)Wm&%6{c2n%!]_f % 'Annot.NUMBER83': class PDFDictionary endobj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Annot >> As the British were trying to force out the Ottoman army from the Levant, Arab forces, led by Sharif Faisal, the third and most popular son of Sharif Hussein, were protecting Britains right wing. /ProcSet [ /PDF endobj 35 0 R /Subtype /Link 80 0 R 334.0469 ] 86 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Rect [ 449.9002 771.7969 /Border [ 0 95 0 obj 79 0 obj /Rect [ 131.8589 To that extent, they have already redrawn the map. /Subtype /Link 0 HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. << /A << /S /URI /Type /Annot >> Rashid I. Khalidi argues that the agreement was prefigured by the already existing economic partition of the Ottoman Arab provinces. /Type /Action % 'Annot.NUMBER94': class PDFDictionary /Rect [ 76.82091 /Subtype /Link /Type /Action 0 ] 326.7969 ] The French later started to deal with the rest of the region that was under their mandate, and which they called the Mashriq. /Type /Action Why did the Sykes-Picot Agreement end? 83.64404 446.7969 ] /Type /Annot >> 38 0 obj /Type /Annot >> 10 0 R /Type /Annot >> /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arab_Revolt) >> /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sherif_Hussein_bin_Ali) >> They worried about their safety from terrorist militia. /Subtype /Link /ImageI ] >> Why did Britain sign the Balfour Declaration? /Type /Action 51 0 R % 'Page7': class PDFPage /Type /Action /Type /Action 459.8629 39 0 obj 0 ] 504.468 /Contents 144 0 R % Page dictionary endobj /Rect [ 330.8049 % 'Annot.NUMBER71': class PDFDictionary 272.9469 ] The Arabs trusted the word of British officials that they would get their own unified, independent state. % 'Annot.NUMBER43': class PDFDictionary endobj 0 << /A << /S /URI /Type /Annot >> 88.91553 /Type /Annot >> 523.9469 ] endobj 106 0 obj << /A << /S /URI % 'Annot.NUMBER56': class PDFDictionary /ImageB << /A << /S /URI /Resources << /Font 1 0 R % 'Annot.NUMBER21': class PDFDictionary /Rect [ 76.82091 218.7969 /Type /Annot >> 0 349.0469 93 0 obj 0 /Subtype /Link 0 ] Since then, there has hardly been any change to the borders of the Arab countries, except for the 1990 unification of the northern and southern Yemeni parts. Why were Arab leaders upset about the Sykes-Picot Agreement? /Rect [ 187.9135 644.9469 ] endobj 472.9469 40 0 R /Resources << /Font 1 0 R The fourth entity comprised the Syrian Desert. /Type /Annot >> /Type /Action /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acre%2C_Israel) >> 36 0 obj 462.8658 /Type /Action /Subtype /Link /Rect [ 493.6689 364.0469 ] 77 0 R /Type /Annot >> /Type /Annot >> << /A << /S /URI /Subtype /Link 46 0 R 0 400.9469 ] /Border [ 0 << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action 98.79685 73 0 obj /Type /Action 320.538 242.9469 34 0 obj 386.0429 60 0 obj 74 0 obj /Type /Annot >> /Border [ 0 /Resources << /Font 1 0 R 0 ] /Subtype /Link << /A << /S /URI 0 ] Russia's change of status, brought on by the revolution and the nation's withdrawal from the war, removed it from inclusion. /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Empire) >> /Rect [ 83.0429 /Border [ 0 As a member of the French Colonial Party, he defended Arab orientalists who supported the French mandate in their own countries. << /A << /S /URI % 'Annot.NUMBER54': class PDFDictionary /Type /Annot >> /Rect [ 221.5508 << /A << /S /URI 0 ] %PDF-1.4 endobj /XObject << /FormXob.87498fb668a6747c1d42e61205e01678 2 0 R >> >> /Border [ 0 69 0 R endobj 0 Who to Blame for the Absence of a Kurdish State after Sykes Picot? 487.9469 ] 24 0 obj endobj So, this was all conjecture. endobj /URI (http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1919Parisv05&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=8) >> /Type /Action Why did the Sykes-Picot Agreement end? /Type /Annot >> 224.9469 ] /Rect [ 333.2369 % 'Annot.NUMBER84': class PDFDictionary 0 0 418.9449 % 'Annot.NUMBER31': class PDFDictionary << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action If that did not produce results, he said, the Kurds should go ahead unilaterally with a referendum on independence. 29 0 R /Subtype /Link 272.9469 ] 29 0 R 0 ] 769.9469 % 'Annot.NUMBER78': class PDFDictionary /Subtype /Link % 'Page5': class PDFPage 61 0 R ] endobj But whether or not the Iraqi Kurds achieve full formal independence in the near future, they have already established an entity with borders, a flag, international airports, a parliament and government, and its own security forces - everything except a passport and their own currency. Why is the Balfour Declaration controversial? endobj endobj 49 0 obj In June 2014, ISIL removed border posts between Iraq and Syria, as part of the groups proclaimed plan to restore the Islamic Caliphate on the ruins of the Sykes-Picot border. The British commitment was endorsed in 1920 as Herbert Samuel, a British Jewish Zionist, arrived in Palestine as Britains first high commissioner to the country. 133.2039 stream Why did President George HW Bush leave Saddam Hussein in power in Iraq? << /A << /S /URI Following the conclusion of World War I, this agreement, named after the principal negotiators Mark Sykes and Franois Georges-Picot, divided the Arab areas of the Ottoman Empire into British and French zones of rule. 21 0 obj /Border [ 0 712.9469 ] 342.108 /Trans << >> 194.7969 739.9469 ] 101 0 obj /Border [ 0 0 ] /Border [ 0 /Type /Action /Type /Annot >> 0 9 0 R /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Maysalun) >> /Type /Annot >> 67 0 obj 302.7969 0 98.79685 88 0 R /Rect [ 82.2629 Why did peace negotiations break down after the Oslo Accords? 71 0 obj /Rect [ 80.82091 422.7969 ] 841.8898 ] Thus the Great Arab Revolt was launched on June 5, 1915. /Type /Annot >> << /A << /S /URI Following the end of WWI, confrontations erupted in the Arabian Peninsula, whose southern and eastern regions were put under British protection, between Britains two allies - the Emir of Najd Abdul Aziz al-Saud and King of Hejaz Sharif Hussein. 102 0 obj Sykes-Picot Agreement and the Balfour Declaration /Rect [ 236.4539 Also, Britain and France would retain free passage and trade in the others zone of influence. 667.9469 /Type /Action 0 ] /ImageB This coincided with the Sharif of Meccas declaration on June 1, 1916, to rise up against the empire. << /A << /S /URI /Type /Annot >> /Border [ 0 129.9329 0 46 0 obj /Rect [ 374.3489 314.7969 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Action % 'Annot.NUMBER7': class PDFDictionary 841.8898 ] 79 0 R 771.7969 % 'Annot.NUMBER72': class PDFDictionary /Border [ 0 697.9469 ] A Brief History of Steamboat Racing in the U.S. Texas-Born Italian Noble Evicted From Her 16th-Century Villa. 475.9469 ] 252.3863 /Type /Annot >> 0 /Rect [ 74.69291 0 ] endobj /Type /Annot >> /Type /Action 9 0 obj endobj endobj /Rect [ 62.69291 784.9469 ] /Rect [ 74.69291 92 0 obj /Type /Action 723.7969 ] % 'Annot.NUMBER4': class PDFDictionary iWonder: Does the peace that ended WW1 haunt us today? 106 0 obj << /A << /S /URI 4. /Subtype /Link 91 0 obj 747.7969 686.9469 ] 671.9469 ] endobj /Rect [ 105.3569 /Rotate 0 0 ] /Border [ 0 On the other hand, Muhammad Ali, a powerful Ottoman leader, unilaterally ruled Egypt, and his sons succeeded him, until the country fell into British custody in 1882. 67 0 R 0 ] /Border [ 0 /Border [ 0 /Subtype /Image /Type /Page >> % 'Annot.NUMBER51': class PDFDictionary 0 510.0697 /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Empire) >> /Type /Annot >> 334.0469 /Border [ 0 Why was Jimmy Carter involved in the Iranian Revolution? 460.9469 0 In March 1915, Britain signed a secret agreement with Russia, whose designs on the empires territory had led the Turks to join forces with Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1914. 0 494.7969 And the militants of the self-styled Islamic State (IS), bulldozing the border between Iraq and Syria in June 2014, declared their intention to eradicate all the region's frontiers and lay Sykes-Picot to rest forever. /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spheres_of_influence) >> /Type /Action % 'Annot.NUMBER58': class PDFDictionary endobj 0 /Type /Annot >> endobj % 'Annot.NUMBER92': class PDFDictionary 54 0 obj 462.8337 42 0 R /Type /Annot >> endobj /Subtype /Link % 'Annot.NUMBER70': class PDFDictionary % 'Annot.NUMBER29': class PDFDictionary 0 ] << /A << /S /URI 417.6727 /Rect [ 333.2369 << /A << /S /URI << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /Type /Annot >> The rest of the territory in questiona huge area including modern-day Syria, Mosul in northern Iraq, and Jordanwould have local Arab chiefs under French supervision in the north and British in the south. Even though the borders of the mandates were not determined until several years after the Sykes-Picot Agreement, the fact that the deal set the framework for these borders stoked lingering resentment well into the 21st century. /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syrian_National_Congress) >> endobj 502.9469 ] 0 /Rect [ 62.69291 0 << /A << /S /URI /Type /Annot >> /Border [ 0 endobj /Rect [ 74.69291 364.0469 ] 0 ] 0 ] 7 0 R % 'Annot.NUMBER5': class PDFDictionary After the war broke out in the summer of 1914, the AlliesBritain, France and Russiaheld many discussions regarding the future of the Ottoman Empire, now fighting on the side of Germany and the Central Powers, and its vast expanse of territory in the Middle East, Arabia and southern-central Europe. 18 0 obj /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_I) >> 460.9469 421.6617 98 0 R 608.9469 /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balfour_Declaration_of_1917) >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Subtype /Link /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester_Guardian) >> % 'Page6': class PDFPage /Type /Action 530.7729 /Rect [ 436.5429 endobj 227.8929 /ImageC /ProcSet [ /PDF /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sherif_Hussein_bin_Ali) >> /Type /Action 656.9469 70 0 obj /Border [ 0 endobj << /A << /S /URI The irony is that the two most potent forces explicitly assailing the Sykes-Picot legacy are at each other's throats: the militants of IS, and the Kurds in the north of both Iraq and Syria. % 'Annot.NUMBER24': class PDFDictionary endobj /Length 776 >> /Type /Annot >> /ImageI ] >> endobj 98.79685 ] 349.0469 547.9469 Why did the Taika Reforms fail? /Rect [ 125.8429 /Rect [ 330.8049 << /A << /S /URI << /A << /S /URI % 'Annot.NUMBER34': class PDFDictionary /Border [ 0 266.7969 ] 266.7969 % 'Annot.NUMBER8': class PDFDictionary Egypt and Iraq signed treaties with Britain that practically prevented them from getting their independence, until the two monarchies were overthrown respectively in 1952 and 1958. @/#geas(b$%`*p)PRBTTH4HtHxd@FdBfdAVdCv@N$ y *EeQQd 0 /Type /Annot >> << /A << /S /URI Why did Israel blockade Gaza? Why were Arab leaders upset about the Sykes-Picot Agreement? /Type /Annot >> /Subtype /Link The secret treaty, known as the Sykes-Picot Agreement, was. 652.9469 319.0469 4 0 R 0 ] 87 0 obj /Subtype /Link endobj /Border [ 0 55 0 R 506.7969 319.0469 copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. % 'Page4': class PDFPage 71 0 R /Border [ 0 0 /Border [ 0 /Subtype /Link 46 0 R Syria and Lebanon gained independence in 1943, two years before the end of WWII. /Rect [ 158.2363 endobj 697.9469 ] % 'Annot.NUMBER17': class PDFDictionary /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balfour_Declaration%2C_1917) >> % 'Annot.NUMBER52': class PDFDictionary % 'Annot.NUMBER95': class PDFDictionary /Type /Annot >> @/#geas(b$%`*p)PRBTTH4HtHxd@FdBfdAVdCv@N$ y *EeQQd /URI (http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1919Parisv05&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=7) >> << /A << /S /URI 83 0 obj 377.6449 The Agreement is often viewed as marking the end of, or at least a significant de-escalation of, the 30-year violent conflict in Northern Ireland known as The Troubles. /Rect [ 200.4629 % 'Annot.NUMBER79': class PDFDictionary /Subtype /Link % 'BasicFonts': class PDFDictionary 334.0469 << /A << /S /URI << /A << /S /URI /Subtype /Link /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Fromkin) >> 71 0 obj 13 0 R 86.79685 /Border [ 0 Why was the Persian Gulf War significant for the U.N.? endobj /Rect [ 316.6539 /Border [ 0 18 0 R /Type /Action 0 ] /Rect [ 189.9529 /Border [ 0 637.9469 /Type /Action Negotiations were begun in November 1915, and the final agreement took its name from the chief negotiators from Britain and France, Sir Mark Sykes and Franois Georges-Picot. /Subtype /Link /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland) >> As for IS, its territorial gains have already peaked. 364.0469 ] 434.7969 0 ] /Type /Annot >> All Rights Reserved. /Subtype /Link /URI (http://books.google.com/books?id=GhSge_Tq09sC&pg=PA7&dq=&lr=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=Zw1GSY3JBpXyNty-kCw&client=#PPA6,M1) >> 48 0 obj 182.7969 ] They had agreed in the March 1915 Constantinople Agreement to give Russia Constantinople (Istanbul) and areas around it, which would provide access to the Mediterranean Sea.France, meanwhile, had a number of economic investments and strategic relationships in Syria, especially in the area of Aleppo, while Britain wanted secure access to India through the Suez Canal and the Persian Gulf. 0 ] 484.1069 << /A << /S /URI % 'Annot.NUMBER59': class PDFDictionary << /A << /S /URI endobj 171.8846 556.9469 ] /Border [ 0 60 0 obj 410.7969 /Border [ 0 349.0469 The Sykes-Picot agreement conflicted directly with pledges of freedom given by the British to the Arabs in exchange for their support against the collapsing Ottomans. 50 0 obj /Border [ 0 /Border [ 0 0 ] House wrote: "It is all bad and I told Balfour so. /Rect [ 137.6849 << /A << /S /URI Between 1917 and 1919, Picot held the position of a high commissioner in Palestine and Syria, and, in that capacity, recommended the deployment of 20,000 French soldiers, paving the way for the arrival of General Henri Gouraud to command the French army in the Levant. /Subtype /Link 0 ] endobj /Border [ 0 % 'Annot.NUMBER75': class PDFDictionary /Rotate 0 /Type /Action % 'Annot.NUMBER73': class PDFDictionary 44 0 obj /Type /Action /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spheres_of_influence) >> 145.4289 /Subtype /Link 56 0 R 841.8898 ] /Type /Action << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action It was named after its chief negotiators, Mark Sykes of Britain and Georges Picot of France. 769.9469 447.6327 << /A << /S /URI 96 0 R /Border [ 0 253.3078 631.9469 0 63 0 obj 194.7969 ] Sykes-Picot: The map that spawned a century of resentment 8 0 obj 41 0 obj 455.6049 472.9469 0 Why did the Meccan oligarchy oppose Muhammad's message? Meanwhile, according to Iraqi historian Sayyar al Jamil, the Ottomans strongholds in the Levant and Iraq, during the empires latter years, included the provinces of Damascus, Aleppo, Raqqa, Basra and Baghdad. Why did the Second Libyan Civil War start? % 'Annot.NUMBER24': class PDFDictionary /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Armenia) >> 0 ] 242.9469 You have the Sykes-Picot Agreement, it's secret. 523.9469 460.9469 ] The Sykes-Picot Agreement was an agreement between Britain and France in 1916 during WWI that divided up much of the Middle East into a series of Mandates and areas of influence and. 553.9469 A century later, many Arabs still believe the agreement set the borders of the modern Middle East. /Type /Annot >> 712.9469 ] 27 0 obj /Rect [ 158.2363 731.5276 ] /Rect [ 106.8772 671.9469 ] /Type /Annot >> 349.0469 0 Under threat from IS, they are more dependent than ever on Western powers which are also strongly counselling them to stick with Iraq. /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bolsheviks) >> 0 ] 170.7969 ] 0 ] /Trans << >> 84 0 R 386.0429 /Type /Annot >> 53 0 R endobj 482.7969 676.9469 ] /Rect [ 452.6 0 127.7009 /Type /Action << /A << /S /URI /Border [ 0 % 'Annot.NUMBER72': class PDFDictionary 568.9469 ] 0 ] /Length1 14988 >> /Contents 145 0 R 0 ] /Subtype /Link /Border [ 0 "There has to be a new formula for the region. 0 ] /Border [ 0 0 ] % 'Annot.NUMBER36': class PDFDictionary /Subtype /Link /Border [ 0 32 0 R ] 0 ] << /Annots [ 34 0 R /Type /Annot >> The Ottoman Empire had been in decline for centuries prior to the war, so the Allied Powers already had given some thought to how they would divide up the considerable spoils in the likely event they defeated the Turks. 349.0469 ] /Border [ 0 33 0 obj /Type /Annot >> 0 194.9469 3. << /A << /S /URI 0 endobj 0 69 0 obj /Type /Action 81 0 obj /Type /Annot >> /Subtype /Link /Rect [ 149.6284 endobj /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syrian_National_Congress) >> /Type /Action endobj By its terms, Russia would annex the Ottoman capital of Constantinople and retain control of the Dardanelles (the crucially important strait connecting the Black Sea with the Mediterranean) and the Gallipoli peninsula, the target of a major Allied military invasion begun in April 1915. /Type /Action 595.2756 /URI (http://books.google.com/books?id=L7UOyPGYBkwC&pg=PA95&dq=&lr=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=3OFISe7xCY6ukASRncXEBg&client=) >> /Contents 143 0 R 422.7969 ] 0 ] /Border [ 0 % 'Annot.NUMBER23': class PDFDictionary % 'Page4': class PDFPage 382.0129 /F6+0 128 0 R >> endobj /Rect [ 193.1902 endobj /Type /Annot >> 218.7969 ] /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel%2C_1st_Viscount_Samuel) >> /Rect [ 330.8049 /Rotate 0 /Subtype /Link /Subtype /Link % 'Annot.NUMBER85': class PDFDictionary /ImageB 0 0 ] % Page dictionary /Type /Action endobj /Type /Action 841.8898 ] /Border [ 0 /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_world) >> /Text /Type /Action /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bolshevik) >> 342.108 0 /Subtype /Link endobj /URI (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) >> /Type /Action /Rect [ 74.69291 595.2756 << /A << /S /URI /Text Britain was the most powerful party among those countries. /Border [ 0 /Subtype /Link endobj /Type /Annot >> << /A << /S /URI /ImageB The nations also communicated the agreement to Russia and Japan as wartime allies with a cession to Czarist Russia included. /ImageB /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraq) >> 66 0 obj 127.7009 375.9354 The unspoken struggle is over whether formulas can be found for different communities to live together within the borders bequeathed by 20th Century history, or whether new frontiers will have to be drawn to accommodate those peoples - however that concept is defined. endobj 0 ] 0 ] << /A << /S /URI /ProcSet [ /PDF /Type /Action Negotiations were begun in November 1915, and the final agreement took its name from the chief negotiators from Britain and France, Sir Mark Sykes and Franois Georges-Picot. 747.7969 ] % 'Annot.NUMBER42': class PDFDictionary /Border [ 0 << /A << /S /URI 26 0 R This secret agreement was revealed by the . /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Churchill_White_Paper%2C_1922) >> /Rect [ 401.5727 Picot was a French diplomat and the son of historian Georges Picot. 278.7969 ] /Type /Action 0 297.3209 /Border [ 0 338.7969 ] 136.3979 He negotiated the secret Sykes-Picot agreement with Sykes. endobj This part was under French influence. 0 ] 0 ] /ImageC /Type /Action 526.9134 << /A << /S /URI 503.8949 /Subtype /Link /Type /Annot >> 0 This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Sykes-Picot-Agreement, Jewish Virtual Library - Pre-State Israel: The Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), Yale Law School - Lillian Goldman Law Library - Avalon Project - The Sykes-Picot Agreement : 1916, 914-1918-online. << /A << /S /URI 0 ] endobj /Subtype /Link 0 /MediaBox [ 0 /Type /Action /Type /Annot >> /ImageC /Subtype /Link 66 0 obj 0 ] answer choices They were denied true independence as promised. 460.9469 44 0 R 15 0 obj 697.9469 7 0 obj /F2+0 112 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 ] /Type /Annot >> 69 0 obj 661.9469 << /A << /S /URI The battles ended when al-Saud seized control of the regions that fell under the influence of Emir Ali, Sharif Husseins eldest son and heir in Hejaz, in Medina, Yanbu and Jeddah. /Type /Action Besides carving the region into British and French "spheres of influence," the arrangement specified various commercial relations and other understandings between them for the Arab lands. /Rect [ 423.3477 % 'Annot.NUMBER77': class PDFDictionary 234.4254 % 'Annot.NUMBER90': class PDFDictionary /Subtype /Link 0 /Border [ 0 /Rect [ 80.82091 475.9469 ] /Subtype /Link 62 0 obj 27 0 obj /Type /Annot >> 74.79685 /Subtype /Link 0 ] 374.7643 89 0 obj /Type /Annot >> /Rect [ 207.0129 Why were the Camp David Peace Accords necessary? 1. 445.9469 0 /F3+0 116 0 R /Subtype /Link 430.9469 334.0469 This article is excerpted from Scott Christianson's "100 Documents That Changed The World," available November 10. 37 0 obj 530.7729 % 'Annot.NUMBER80': class PDFDictionary Why did economic concerns cause the Islamic Revolution?