The shape of the ruin is irregular, the course of the walls of the Northeast having been seemingly determined by that of the Nile canal (Shatt-en-Nil), which flowed on that side. Apart from its institutions, through its lit. It is true that from the traditional site of Pisgah the south end of the Dead Sea could not be seen. A. The Amardians would seem to have been the Apirti (Hapirti), the Uxians were probably from (H)uwaja, while the Elymeans (compare 1 Maccabees 6:1) were the Elamites. Notwithstanding the destruction sometimes wrought, the floods were always welcomed in consequence of the fruitfulness which followed, and which was such as to make Babylonia one of the most fertile tracts known.11. Shinar was used early to describe the land which included the cities of Babel (Babylon), Erech (Warka) and Accad (Agade) within the kingdom of Nimrod ( Gen 10:10 ). The winter birds of passage are the pelican, stork, crane, cormorant, sea gull, many species of wild duck, the wild goose, bustard, woodcock, snipe, pigeon, turtledove, and numerous brilliantly colored waders. Lack of identification, however, does not necessarily indicate mythical origin of the name.See ASTRONOMY, sec. MOBI for Kindle - 12.98. The valleys on the Southwest slope belong properly to Babylonia, and could be invaded on that side with ease, but Northeast of the Kebir-Kuh the country is well protected not only against Mesopotamia, on the West, but also against Persia on the East. The Sumerians Probably in Shinar before the Semites:Though there is no certain indication which race entered Shinar first, it is to be noted that Nimrod, presumably Shinar's first king and the founder of its great cities, was a son of Cush (Genesis 10:8), and the name of Shinar seems to have existed before the foundation of Babel (Babylon) and its tower (Genesis 11:2). A fine garment looted by Achan near Jericho was described as coming from Shinar (Josh 7:21, KJV Babylonish). The larger plain has as its northern boundary these same Ahwaz hills, and reaches to the sea on the South.3. Keep in mind, we have inherited lies is the theme. The ancient language of the region is called Akkadian, named after the city of Akkad, one of the cities founded by Nimrod in Shinar ( Genesis 10:10 ). The Principal Cities:The two principal cities were Susa or Shushan, called Susun in the native texts, and regarded as the old capital, situated on the Ulai (Karkha); and Anzan (Ashshan, Anshan), more to the Southwest. Genesis 10:10 The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.. Ezra 4:9 then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions, the Dinaites, and the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Shushanchites, the Dehaites, the Elamites, languages including Elamite, Kassite, Hittite, Hurrian and Old Persian. Hebrew inar is equivalent to the Egyptian Sngr and Hittite anar(a), all referring to southern Mesopotamia. These are mostly of the Parthian period, but they imply that the place was regarded as a necropolis, possibly owing to the sanctity attached to the site.LITERATURE.Schrader, KAT; Loftus, Chaldoea and Susiana, 162; Fried. Sumerian seems to have borrowed several words from Semitic Babylonian.7. History of the City's Temples, etc. The Bible says in Genesis that Nimrod went out of the land of Shinar and migrated north and formed the cities of Nineveh, Rehoboath, and Calah. Urged by him, Umman-igas forgot the benefits which he had received at the hands of Assur-bani-apli, and sent an army into Babylonia under the command of Undasi, son of Te-umman, telling him to avenge upon Assyria the killing of his father. Ur First residence of Abraham, near the mouth of the Euphrates, where he was almost a victim of human sacrifice, saw the angel of Jehovah, and received the Urim and Thummim ( Gen. 11:28-12:1; Abr. This is still on the continent of Africa. Climate 6. nim'-rod (nimrodh; Nebrod): A descendant of Ham, mentioned in "the generations of the sons of Noah" ( Genesis 10; compare 1 Chronicles 1:10) as a son of Cush. His descendants, if of pure race, inherited the divine grace which he enjoyed. Elam's Importance; Her Literature 15. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. In the triumphal celebrations at Nineveh, Tammaritu was one of the captive kings who drew the Assyrian king's chariot to the temple of Ishtar, when he rendered the goddess thanks for his victories. Jeremiah 49:37 I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and before those who seek their life; and I will bring evil on them, even my fierce anger, says Yahweh; and I will send the sword after them, until I have consumed them; Jeremiah 49:38 and I will set my throne in Elam, and will destroy from there king and princes, says Yahweh. For the rest, the principal differences between Sumerian and Semitic Babylonian are:(1) post-positional suffixes instead of prepositions;(2) verbs with long strings of prefixes and infixes to express the persons and regimens, instead of a prefix and a suffix;(3) compound words, both nouns and verbs, are common instead of being exceedingly rare. Bibliography T. Jacobsen, The Sumerian King-List (1939); Primitive Democracy in ancient Mesopotamia, JNES II (1943), 159-172; H. H. Frankfort, The Birth of Civilisation in the Ancient Near East (1951); S. N. Kramer, Sumerian Historiography, IEJ 3 (1953), 217-232; From the Tablets of Sumer (-History Begins at Sumer) (1956); I. Gordon, Sumerian Proverbs (1959); A. Falkenstein, Das Sumerische (1959); A. Parrot, Sumer (1960); S. N. Kramer, Sumerian Mythology (1961); Sumerian Literature, a general survey in The Bible and the Ancient Near East (1961), 249-259; C. J. Gadd, The Cities of Babylonia, CAH I/2 (1971), 93-144; S. N. Kramer, The Sumerians, Their History, Culture and Character (1963). It was the city of Gilgames, the half-mythical king of the earliest period, who seems to have restored the walls and temples. It was apparently renowned as a necropolis. The Bible records in Genesis 11 that all mankind came to the Land of Shinar and make a name for themselves under the leadership of Nimrod, so they built a tower at Babel, a tower that would reach to heaven. Some have sought identification with Gilgamesh, the flood hero of Babylonia (Skinner, Driver, Delitzsch); others with a later Kassite king (Haupt, Hilprecht), which is quite unlikely; but the most admissible correspondence is with Marduk, chief god of Babylon, probably its historic founder, just as Asshur, the god of Assyria, appears in verse 11 as the founder of the Assyrian empire (Wellhausen, Price, Sayce). EPUB for Kindle - 12.98. The Belad-Rud, between the Ab-e-Diz and the Kerkha, rises in the mountains of Luristan, and varies greatly as to its volume, being sometimes a mere brook, and at others a large river. Before this demand could reach Indabigas, however, his people had revolted against him and put him to death, and Umman-aldasu, son of Attametu, sat on the throne, after defeating Indabigas on the banks of the Huthut. These maps - more than 70 of them-are some of the best of the best New Testament maps we've created so far in the growing library of maps and Bible study. Here the Chaldeans, with their Elamite allies, were defeated, and the Elamite cities plundered and destroyed. The Shinar, Babylonian/Assyrian regions are much closer to the proposed Gihon River. The state of Babylon probably included Cuthah. If you want a modern-day reference,. Not daring to be openly hostile to Assyria, however, he sent his brother Te-umman to intrigue in Chaldea in favor of a man named Nabuusallim, but the Chaldean chiefs answered that Na'id-Marduk, their lord, lived, and they were the servants of the king of Assyria. This was refused, and war broke out between the two countries immediately after. The principality called Namar was detached from Susian territory and reunited to the domain of Babylonia. The Name and Its Etymology: The city over which Arioch (Eri-Aku) and other Babylonian kings ruled ( Genesis 14:1 ). The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. Its most celebrated king, after Gilgames, was Lugal-zaggi-si, one of the opponents of the rulers of Lagas. It is thought probable that the Elamite king Sadi(?) Often, however, the equivalent term for Babylonia is Ehi, probably an abbreviation of Eridu, and here standing for the land belonging to that sacred city-"the good city," a type of Paradise, Babylonia being, in fact, situated upon the edinu, or "plain. Beginners Bible Guide to all 66 Bible Books, Specialized Bible Atlases, Leaders Guides. The Classical period (2700-2150 b.c.). Genesis 14:9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings against the five. When it is prepared, she will be set there in her own place. (5) Adab:Adab, now called Bismaya, the city of Mah, the goddess of reproduction. So it is plausible that there was a second region referred to as Cush (latter) located where the proposed Gihon River was, and as referenced in Genesis 2:13 or what became Elam. Despite his efforts to restore the rights of the individual, his people failed to withstand the pressures of Lugalzaggesi of Umma who took over the city and was himself soon thereafter conquered by the powerful Semite, Sargon of Agade who thus brought Sumer. Sumerian myths discussed the role of deities (the Birth of the Moon God), vocation and creation of the world and of man, paradise and evil. Sumerian and Other Equivalents:This two-fold designation, Kingi-Ura, is that which is commonly used in the inscriptions of the earlier kings, though it cannot then have indicated always the whole country, but only such parts of it as acknowledged their overlordship. NET Bible The primary regions of his kingdom were Babel, Erech, Akkad, and Calneh in the land of Shinar. Eannatum was followed by Urukagina who by social reforms and legislation sought to curb the growing bureauracy which bore hardly on the poor, the widows and the fatherless. North of Sudan is Egypt; this is where Mizraim dwelled. After a dispute with Umma had been settled by the intervention of Mesilim of Kish, Lagash became the dominant center. ), of whom nothing is known. Majority Standard Bible His kingdom began in Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. that king marched again against Merodach-baladan, who had taken refuge at Nagitu and other places on the Elamite side of then elongated Persian Gulf. In the battle which ensued between the two pretenders, Tammaritu was defeated, and fled to the seacoast with a part of the Elamite royal family. I, among a The American excavations on this site have thrown a flood of light upon almost every branch of Assyriological research. lists of Asiatic countries known to Seti I and Amenhotep II shankhar is included (ANET [1950], 243, 247). Comparison with the Semitic Idiom7. speech [eme.sal dialect]). A varied lit. Vegetation 7. The Assyrians came up with the Elamites at Der, but Te-umman feared to join issue there, and retreating, took up a strong position near his capital, Susa, with his front protected by the river Ulai. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In all lists it is the tenth who survives the Flood and all display a longevity which, in the Babylonian accounts with ages of more than 20,000 years each, make the life-span of Methuselah (969 years; Gen 5:27) look insignificant. Save 15% on BibleGateway+ with code SPRINGSTUDY15. A smaller area in the delta of the Selenga River sank during the last century beneath the waters of Lake Baikal. Shinar (country of two rivers), the ancient name of the great alluvial tract through which the Tigris and Euphrates pass before reaching the sea --the tract known in later times as Chaldaea or Babylonia.It was a plain country, where brick had to be used for stone and slime for mortar.