It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. [1] In the 1940s and 1950s lindane producers stockpiled these isomers in open heaps, which led to ground and water contamination. If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions/line thickness may be reduced, provided the marking remains clearly visible. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. Effects of short-term exposure That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the northern front range from "serious" to "severe." [15] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Lindane has not been shown to alter immunocompetence in humans and is not considered to be genotoxic. 0000000736 00000 n 125 0 obj <>stream Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. [1] Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. In addition, there were 46 hospitalizations, and seven life-threatening outcomesfive from the same household. Remove contaminated clothes. The width of the border forming the square-on-point marking must be at least 2 mm. The direct causes of death for the other cases were attributed to reasons other than lindane. (ii) 5 kg (11 pounds) or less net capacity for solids. $>. (e) MARINE POLLUTANT mark. Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (-HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used in agriculture and in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of headlice and scabies. Physical State; Appearance The study also documented a marked decrease in lindane wastewater contamination and lindane poisoning incidents reported to Poison Control Centers. The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown. The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. A wide range of pollutionfrom plastic pollution to light pollutionaffects marine ecosystems. Cough. (4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "Moderately Hazardous," and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. 0000004014 00000 n WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to Routes of exposure In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. 0000006227 00000 n Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. Rest. 0000003215 00000 n Web( d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required ( 1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: ( i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or ( ii) A net 0000002858 00000 n In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. ];pGvZo~z8i##N7M3|cruvx}qLY^*PqoWU-;yr$z:9~sro?6N9iC0Y 6)?S9xwQ(elU[3+s]q-{ (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. For example, a meta-analysis of studies looking at the association between occupational exposure to agricultural lindane and non-Hodgkins lymphona among U.S. farmers found that lindane was not a primary factor in the development of the disease. The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. Tremor. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. %%EOF [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. (see also Regulatory Status). [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. 0000001327 00000 n Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Each side of the mark must be -. Rinse mouth. Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. Access to page content (press "Enter") Lindane and xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. [15] Central nervous system stimulation ranging from dizziness to seizures, has also been reported; however, serious effects, like seizures, have almost always resulted from oral ingestion or misuse of medication (e.g., repeated treatments or prolonged applications). The substance may have effects on the nervous system, bone marrow and liver. [18] (see also Agricultural vs. Healthcare Applications) 0000001686 00000 n 89 0 obj <>stream [29] Modern manufacturing standards for lindane involve the treatment and conversion of waste isomers to less toxic industrial chemicals, a process known as cracking.[26][29] Today, only a few production plants remain active worldwide to accommodate public health uses of lindane and declining agricultural needs. Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. startxref Carefully collect remainder. [1][21] Similarly, no increased cancer risk was noted in a large epidemiologic study of lindane medications involving a 143,594-patient database with up to 21 years of follow up, which concluded that There is still no persuasive evidence from studies of humans that lindane, as ordinarily used clinically, is carcinogenic in humans. [22] Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. This may result in convulsions. [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. [34], In response to Morton Grove's complaint, the Ecology Center defendants moved to dismiss the case based on an alleged lack of personal jurisdiction. Exposure to large amounts of lindane can negatively affect the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in [26], Lindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. Molecular mass: 290.8 WebLindane, a lipophilic pollutant, may be toxic to organisms. 0 %PDF-1.4 % Marine pollutants or environmentally hazardous substances are materials that can pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Marine pollutant is a term mainly used by IMDG code while the term " environmentally hazardous substances " are used by other dangerous goods regulations such as ADR and IATA. (4) For domestic transportation, a packaging marked prior to January 1, 2017 and in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue in service until the end of its useful life. [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. Gyceril PABA. WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can Diarrhoea. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. WebLindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA's Great Waters Program due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. Where two or more components that make a material a marine pollutant are present, the names of at least two of the components most predominantly contributing to the marine pollutant designation must appear in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name. The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. [7][16], In all age groups, reported adverse events occurred mainly in patients with contraindications to the use of lindane or in those who appeared to have misapplied or orally ingested medication. Headache. Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod